C++UCS301
Graphs & ApplicationsC++17

Sustainable Graph Applications

Graph models support smart grids, recycling networks, transit planning, waste collection, and resilient infrastructure.

What to understand

  • Routing versus connectivity
  • Capacity and reliability
  • Dynamic edge weights
  • Multi-objective optimisation

Remember this

  1. 1The model determines what the algorithm optimises
  2. 2Real routes may require constraints beyond shortest distance
  3. 3Validate assumptions with domain data

Detailed notes

A real graph algorithm optimises the mathematical model, so model quality is as important as implementation. A waste route may minimise distance, time, fuel, emissions, missed deadlines, or a weighted combination—and may involve vehicle capacities and time windows.

Smart grids add direction, capacity, failure probability, and changing demand. Recycling networks may combine facility location, routing, and connectivity rather than fitting a single shortest-path call.

How it works

  1. 1Define vertices, edges, weights, and constraints with domain experts.
  2. 2Choose the objective and required guarantees.
  3. 3Select algorithms only after checking assumptions.
  4. 4Validate output against operational and sustainability metrics.

Where it is used

  • Waste-collection and recycling routes
  • Smart-grid connectivity and resilience
  • Public transport and emergency-response planning

Common mistakes

  • Equating shortest distance with lowest emissions automatically
  • Ignoring dynamic conditions and capacity constraints
  • Presenting a classroom algorithm as a complete deployment system

Implementation perspective

This is primarily a conceptual or selection topic. Use the linked implementation topics in this section to see the invariant expressed in C++.

Exam & viva

Open a prompt when you are ready to check your answer.